The bill––H.R. 493 as amended, the Genetic Information Non-Discrimination Act (GINA)––bars employers from using genetic information in decisions on hiring, firing, job placement, or promotion. It also prohibits group health plans and other health insurers in the group and individual market from using genetic information to deny coverage or set premium rates and from requiring individuals to undergo genetic testing. The prohibitions and related sanctions for violations apply as well to employment agencies, labor unions, and Medicare supplemental policy plans.

Advocates say the new federal safeguards are needed to assure confidentiality and protect against misuse of genetic information in order to assuage patients’ fears that their test results will be used against them, with the result that many may be deterred seeking beneficial tests. The protections also will encourage patients to take part in clinical trials without fear of reprisals, advocates say.